bottle of olive oil

CHART of body's EFA conversions to eicosanoids: PROSTAGLANDINS, LEUKOTRIENES and THROMBOXANES

Balanced presence of eicosanoids determines how cells react to local trauma

The eicosanoids are produced by omega-6 DGLA and AA, and omega-3 EPA present in cell membranes.  Eicosanoids derived from omega-6 AA mostly have inflammatory “call-to-action” effects, such as increasing pain, causing blood to clot, raising body temperature, and constricting vessels, and eicosanoids from omega-6 DGLA and omega-3 EPA and DHA have anti-inflammatory, “back-to-normal” effects. Excessive or unresolved inflammation can lead to uncontrolled tissue damage and health problems.

Understand how “First Response” eicosanoids are VITAL FOR HEALTH

Δ6D and Δ5Denzymes Inhibited by:    dietary imbalance of Omega-6 to Omega-3, altered/damaged fats, cholesterol, excessive long-chain SFAs (in meat and dairy), age>30, sugar, stress, drugs, alcohol, toxic chemicals, caffeine, High INSULIN, excessive palmitoleic acids (Eg in coconut oil), lack of required conversion minerals/vitamins (see chart)

OMEGA-6
FAMILY
OMEGA-3
FAMILY
LA
(Linolenic Acid)
18:2w6
In Soybean oil, Nut and seed oils (Safflower, Sesame, Cottonseed, Sunflower, Corn, Hemp, Canola, peanut), animal fats (especially grain-fed), walnuts, almonds, legumes,  wheatgerm oil, wild salmon
ALA
(α-Linolenic Acid)
18:3w3)
 In Seed Oils (Flax, Chia, Hemp, Canola), Walnuts, Green leafy vegetables, Grass-fed animal fats
Pathway Competing for:
Δ 6D enzyme
Requires B6MagnesiumZinc
  
GLA
(Gamma-linolenic Acid)
 18:3w6
 In Blackcurrant, Borage & Evening primrose oils
SDA
 
(Stearidonic Acid)
 18:4w3
In Blackcurrant & other wild seed oils
Elongase 5 Enzyme
Elongase 5 Enzyme
DGLA
 
(Dihomo-γ-linolenic Acid)
 20:3w6
  In Breast Milk.  Most potent anti-inflammatory EFA
Eicosatetraenoic Acid
  Anti-inflammatory pathway
 ↙ 
COX-1
 or
 COX-2
Pathway Competing for:
Δ 5D enzyme
(Requires Vitamin C, B3, Zinc)
Blocked by EPA [Reference]
Preferred pathway.
 Blocks
LT4
 ↓ 
AA
 
(Arachidonic Acid)
 20:4w6
 (abundant in body’s immune cells, skeletal muscle, brain, liver, spleen, retina)
In Meat, Farmed salmon, Eggs (not much)
Most potent inflammatory EFA
EPA
 
(Eicosapentaenoic Acid)
20
:5w3

(and DHA)
In: Fish oil, grass-fed animal and poultry, land animals’brains, testes, adrenals, eyeballs. Brown/red algae
Pathway
Competing for:
COX-1
or
COX-2 
Pathway
Competing for:
COX-1
or
COX-2
Pathway
Competing for:
LOX
Enzymes
Pathway
Competing for:
COX-1
or
COX-2
Pathway
Competing for:
LOX
Enzymes
⇓ Elongase
DPA
(Docosapentaenoic Acid)
  
PGG2
 Δ4D
PGH1

PGH2

Isomerases
 &
Tissue specific synthases
(DGLA derivative: 15- hydroxyl blocks
LT-4
Belch, 2000)

PGH3
 DHA
(Docosa-hexanoic acid
22:6w3)
For brain and nerves
(10-20% of brain’s membrane phospholipid fats)

PG1

Prostaglandins
PGA1
PGB1
PGC1
PGD1
PGE1
PGF1α
PGI1

TX1

Thromboxanes
TXA1
TXB1

(PGE1
PGF1α
TXA1

blocks
 LT4)

 PG2

Prostaglandins
PGI2
(Prostacyclin)

LT4

Leukotrienes
(Via 5-LOX)
LTA4
LTB4
 LTC4
 LTD4
LTE4
(LTF4)

EX4

Eoxins
(From
LT4s
  Via
14,15-LOX)

LX4

Lipoxins
LXA4
LXB4

PG3

Prostaglandins
PGD3
PGE3

PGF3α
PGI3


TX3

Thromboxanes
TXA3
(TXB3)

LT5

Leukotrienes
LTA5
LTB5
LTC5
LTD5

(LTE5)

RVs

Resolvins
E- Series

PDs

Protectins

RVs

Resolvins
D-Series

PDs

Protectins
PD1

PG2

Prostaglandins
PGD2
PGE2
/PGE2

(via PGE synthase)
PGF2α

TX2

Thromboxanes
TXA2
Thromboxane
TXB2

Color coding:

Enzymes:

COX 1 (Cycloygenase enzyme 1; COX-2  (Cycloygenase enzyme 2)

LOX (Lipoxygenase enzyme)

Eicosanoids:

Eicosonoids are coded according to their usual type of activity.  They are not necessarily differentiated as good and bad.

“Orange”  represents activity altering the status quo, some increasing inflammation.

“Turqoise” represents more of a “calming down” / going-back-to-normal action and/or resolving the inflammation.

“Red” represents eicosonoids having an inflammatory effect

“First Response” eicosanoids are VITAL FOR HEALTH

References

 Belch JJ, Hill A (Jan 2000). “Evening primrose oil and borage oil in rheumatologic conditions”. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71 (1 Suppl): 352S-6S. PubMed.

Chronic low-level inflammation

Electrotherapy
- The Medical kit of the future

Benefits:

  • Detoxification
  • Boost immune system / cellular energy
  • Anti-inflammatory / Pain-relief
  • Insomnia / Reduce stress
  • Accelerates healing of tissue, bone, muscles, scars
  • Improve circulation +++

Successful electrotherapies:

Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) therapy Near Infrared (NIR) class 4 laser therapy
Rife therapy
Ozone therapy

Essential fatty acids-related: