Phytonutrients are antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative
Phytonutrients (a.k.a. phytochemicals) are chemicals / compounds produced by plants
Phytonutrients protect plants against damage – from trauma, insects, and pathogens, such as bacteria or fungi.
Typically found in: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, tea, nuts, beans, spices;
Phytonutrients have one or more of the following properties: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer
There are two main types of phytonutrients
(1) Carotenoids |
Beta-carotene | ||
| Lutein | |||
| Lycopene (tomatoes) | |||
| Zeaxanthin | |||
(2)Phenolic compounds/POLYPHENOLS |
FLAVONOIDS: |
Anthocyanins: | Cyanidin; Petudinin; Malvidin; Delphinidin; Pelargonidin (sweet cherries, raspberries, blueberries) |
| Flavones: | Apigenin, Luteolin, Christin, Tangeretin | ||
| Flavanones: | Naringenin (grapefruit); Hesperetin; Neohesperetin; Eriodictyol; |
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| Isoflavonols: | Genistein; Daidzein; Curcumin (turmeric rhyzome); |
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| Flavan-3-ols: | Catechins: Catechin, (fruit peel – especially dragon fruit, mango), Gallocatechins, Epigallocatechins (e.g EGCG in green tea, matcha tea) | ||
| Epicatechins (dark chocolate, green tea) | |||
| Chalcones: | Arbutin; Phloretinl Phloridzin; | ||
| Flavanols: | Kaempferol (cloces, cumin, caraway, capers, fruit peel – especially orange, lemon, pomegranate, apricot) | ||
| Quercetin (red onion, fruit peel, especially mango, lemon) | |||
| Rutin (buckwheat, elderflowers, apple peel); Myricetin; | |||
NON-FLAVONOIDS: |
Lignans: | Enterodiol, enterolactone (flaxseed) | |
| Stilbenes/ Stilbenoids: | Resveratrol (grapes); Pinoxylvin; Piceid; | ||
| Tannins: |
Hydrolyzable: Gallotannins; Elagitannins; Punicalin; Punicalagin; Condensed: Proanthocyanadins; (seeds) |
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SIMPLE PHENOLS: |
PHENOLIC ACIDS: |
Hydroxycinnamic acids: (all fruits, but hiighest in outer parts of ripe fruits) | Caffeic acid; Ferulic acid (cereal brans: e.g. maize, wheat, rice, oat); Sinapic acid; p-Coumaric acid |
| Hydroxybenzoic acids: | Gallic acid (red fruits, especially peel (especially mango), onions, tea); Ellagic acid (fruits/berries such as raspberries, strawberries, blackberries, pomegranites); Vanillic acid; Protocatechic acid; Syringic acid; Gentisic acid | ||
COUMARINS: |
Coumarin; Psoralene; Scopaletin; Esculetin; |
References
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228035536_Phenols_Polyphenols_and_Tannins_An_Overview
